SUBFAMILY HEMILEUCINAE: GENERA GAMELIA, HYPERCHIRIA, LEUCANELLA AND  PSEUDAUTOMERIS
Three genera of Automeris-like moths (ie with "eyed" hindwings). The two Hyperchiria are "eyed" Saturniids with a yellow hindwing colouration (see also Automeris granulosa and A.submacula) and red-and-white ocelli. Both species are superficially similar and may occur in the same area, but can be reliably distinguished by the presence (incisa) or absence (orodina) of a black basal band on the hindwing. The combination of yellow forewings and pink-based hindwings makes the male Pseudautomeris unmistakeable. Females are probably closest to Leucanella, but note that the "ocellus" of the hindwing is almost solidly dark - it is always two-tone in Leucanella. Leucanella could potentially be confused with certain species of Molippa (which typically have pink hindwings). Gamelia is superficially similar to other moths in this group but is much darker and duller with bright colouration restricted to the ocellus.
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Gallery 2 Hyperchiria orodina
Distribution - Alto Paraguay, Boquerón, Caaguazú, Concepción, Cordillera, Guairá, Paraguarí, Presidente Hayes, San Pedro (www.pybio.org).
Host Plants - Quamoclit, Sapindaceae (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site), Acacia, Platanus, Robinia (Pastrana 2004), Cassia (www.pybio.org).
Wingspan - males 25-29mm, females 34-38mm (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site).
FIGURE 2a Hyperchiria orodina - Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, San Lorenzo (Paul Smith August 2009).
FIGURE 2b - Hyperchiria orodina rest - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Jeni Oborn April 2010).
FIGURE 2c - Hyperchiria orodina - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Jeni Oborn April 2010).
FIGURE 2d - Hyperchiria orodina - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Jeni Oborn April 2010).
FIGURE 2e - Hyperchiria orodina - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Karina Atkinson September 2010).
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Thanks to Bill Oehlke and Ulf Drechsel for assistance with Emperor Moth identification.
Designed by Paul Smith 2006. This website is copyrighted by law.
Material contained herewith may not be used without the prior written permission of FAUNA Paraguay.
Photographs on the page were provided by Paul Smith and Ulf Drechsel and are used with permission.
Special thanks to Ulf Drechsel for permission to use images from his site www.pybio.org.
Ulf is "el capo" of Saturniids in Paraguay and anybody with an interest in this group should check out his web page for additional information.
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Gallery 5 Pseudautomeris luteata
Distribution - Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Caazapá, Canindeyú, Concepción, Cordillera, Guairá, Itapúa, Paraguarí, San Pedro (www.pybio.org).
Host Plants - Ligustrum, Prunus, Quercus (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site).
Wingspan - males 63-78mm, females 79-92mm. (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site).
FIGURE 5a - Pseudautomeris luteata male dorsal - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 5b - Pseudautomeris luteata male ventral - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 5c - Pseudautomeris luteata male - Hotel Tirol, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2006).
FIGURE 5d  - Pseudautomeris luteata male dorsal rest - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2010).
FIGURE 5e  - Pseudautomeris luteata male lateral rest - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2010).
FIGURE 5f  - Pseudautomeris luteata male - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2010).
FIGURE 5g - Pseudautomeris luteata female -  - Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, San Lorenzo (Paul Smith August 2009)
FIGURE 5h - Pseudautomeris luteata larva instar 5 - Hotel Tirol, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2006).
Thanks to Bill Oehlke and Ulf Drechsel for assistance with Emperor Moth identification.
Designed by Paul Smith 2006. This website is copyrighted by law.
Material contained herewith may not be used without the prior written permission of FAUNA Paraguay.
Photographs on the page were provided by Paul Smith, Ulf Drechsel,Jeni Oborn, Andres Contreras and Moriz Stiefel and are used with permission.
Special thanks to Ulf Drechsel for permission to use images from his site www.pybio.org.
Ulf is "el capo" of Saturniids in Paraguay and anybody with an interest in this group should check out his web page for additional information.
Gallery 1 Hyperchiria incisa
Distribution - Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Concepción, Cordillera, Itapúa, Presidente Hayes (www.pybio.org).
Host Plants - Berberis, Cassia, Celtis, Fagus, Ficus, Laburnum, Myocarpus, Platanus, Prunus, Quercus, Salix, Serjania (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site), Serjania (Pastrana 2004), Prosopis (www.pybio.org).
Wingspan - males 27-31mm, females 38-44mm (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site).
FIGURE 1a - Hyperchiria incisa male - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 1b - Hyperchiria incisa male -  PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 1c Hyperchiria incisa female  - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 1d - Hyperchiria incisa female - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 1e - Hyperchiria incisa larva instar 5 - location unknown (Ulf Drechsel www.pybio.org).
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Gallery 3 Leucanella aspera aspera
Distribution - Alto Paraguay, Boquerón, Ñeembucú, Presidente Hayes (www.pybio.org).
Host Plants - Aspidosperma, Celtis, Fagus, Laburnum, Ligustrum, Mimosa, Prosopis, Robinia, Tamarix (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site), Acacia, Aspidosperma, Celtis, Mimosa, Schinopsis, Prosopis, Robinia, Tamarix (Pastrana 2004).
Wingspan - males 50-62mm, females 63-70mm (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site).
FIGURE 3a - Leucanella aspera male at rest - location unknown (Ulf Drechsel www.pybio.org).
FIGURE 3b - Leucanella aspera male at rest - PN Defensores del Chaco, Departamento Boquerón (Paul Smith September 2010).
FIGURE 3c - Leucanella aspera - PN Defensores del Chaco, Departamento Boquerón (Paul Smith September 2010).
FIGURE 3d - Leucanella aspera - PN Defensores del Chaco, Departamento Boquerón (Paul Smith September 2010).
FIGURE 3e - Leucanella aspera male - IBIS Collection, Pilar, Departamento Ñeembucú (Andres Contreras undated).
FIGURE 3f - Leucanella aspera female - location unknown (Ulf Drechsel www.pybio.org).
FIGURE 3g - Leucanella aspera larva instar 5 - location unknown (Ulf Drechsel www.pybio.org).
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Gallery 4 Leucanella memusae gardineri
Distribution - Alto Paraná, Caaguazú, Canindeyú, Itapúa, Presidente Hayes (www.pybio.org).
Host Plants - Inga, Laburnum, Ligistrum (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site), Acacia, Cephalanthus, Cestrum, Erythrina, Ilex, Lonicera, Melia, Olea, Populus, Pyrus, Salix, Scutia, Solanum (Pastrana 2004).
Wingspan - males 75-78mm, females 77-79mm (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site).
FIGURE 4a - Leucanella memusae male - Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Paraguay, San Lorenzo (Paul Smith August 2009).
FIGURE 4b - Leucanella memusae male - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 4c - Leucanella memusae male - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 4d - Leucanella memusae female - Estancia Laguna Blanca, Departamento San Pedro (Jeni Oborn April 2010).
FIGURE 4e - Leucanella memusae female - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 4f - Leucanella memusae female - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith September 2008).
FIGURE 4g - Leucanella memusae larva  - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith April 2010).
FIGURE 4h - Leucanella memusae larva  - PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Moriz Stiefel April 2008).
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Gallery 6 Gamelia catharina
Distribution - Alto Paraná, Canindeyú, Itapúa (www.pybio.org).
Host Plants - Psidium (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site), Acacia, Aspidosperma, Celtis, Mimosa, Schinopsis, Prosopis, Robinia, Tamarix (Pastrana 2004).
Wingspan - males no information, females 65mm (Oehlke World´s Largest Saturniidae Site).
FIGURE 6a - Gamelia catharina male dorsal -  PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith August 2008).
FIGURE 6b - Gamelia catharina male ventral -  PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith August 2008).
FIGURE 6c - Gamelia catharina female at rest -  PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2008).
FIGURE 6d - Gamelia catharina female -  PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2008).
FIGURE 6e - Gamelia catharina female -  PROCSOARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2008).