Designed by Paul Smith 2006. This website is copyrighted by law. Material contained herewith may not be used without the prior written permission of FAUNA Paraguay. Photographs on this web-site were taken by Paul Smith, Hemme Batjes, Regis Nossent,
Alberto Esquivel, Arne Lesterhuis, José Luis Cartes, Rebecca Zarza and Hugo del Castillo and are used with their permission.
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DANAINAE - MONARCHS
This is one of the best studied groups of Neotropical butterflies. The typical Monarchs are distinctive, robust butterflies well-known for their mass migrations. Typical Monarchs are orange in colour with black bodies and patternation on the wings. They can provide an identification challenge, concentrate especially on the pattern of the lower hindwing. Monarchs frequently form communal roosts.
FIGURE 1 - Empress Danaus eresimus - Bahía de Asunción, Departamento Central (Regis Nossent July 2005).
FIGURE 2 - Empress Danaus eresimus  - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2007).
FIGURE 3 - Empress Danaus eresimus larva - PROCOSARA, PN San Rafael (Paul Smith March 2007 - ECOSARA Biociversity Database).
FIGURE 4 - Monarch Danaus erippus - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith April 2007).
FIGURE 5 - Monarch Danaus erippus (note the lower wing spots on this specimen) - Hotel Tirol, Departamento Itapúa (Regis Nossent July 2005).
FIGURE 6 - Monarch Danaus erippus dwarf winter form - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith April 2008).
FIGURE 7 - Monarch Danaus erippus larva - Pilar, Departamento Ñeembucú (Paul Smith September 2007).
FIGURE 8 - Queen Danaus gilippus (note the lower wing spots on this specimen) - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2007).
FIGURE 9 - Queen Danaus gilippus  - Fería Municipal, Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2007).
FIGURE 10 -  Tiger Mimic Queen Lycorea halia - Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith May 2007).
FIGURE 11 - Crystal Queen Lycorea ilione - Fería Municipal, Encarnación, Departamento Itapúa (Paul Smith September 2007).